Với câu đảo ngữ bạn có thể nhấn mạnh một sự việc hay chủ thể nào đó được đề cập trong câu. Có khá nhiều cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ mà bài học này đã liệt kê, hãy cùng khám phá nhé.
Câu đảo ngữ là gì?
Việc có thể nhấn mạnh vào một sự việc hay chủ thể trong câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ (the inversion). Đây là hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh.
Và cũng có khá nhiều các dạng đảo ngữ khác nhau, mà có thể bạn đã gặp hoặc chưa từng biết đến. Trong bài viết này, Ms Hoa Toeic sẽ cùng bạn học các dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp nhất, để biết cách ứng dụng trong các bài thi và thực tế nhé.
Các cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ
01. Đảo ngữ với ONLY
- Only once
- Only later
- Only in this way
- Only in that way
- Only then + Auxiliary + S + V
- Only after + N
- Only by V_ing/ N
- Only when + clause
- Only with + N
- Only if+ clause
- Only in adv of time/ place
EX: Only once did I meet her.
Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.
Only when I understand her did I like her.
Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently.
02. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định)
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V
(không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì.)
Ví dụ:
Peter rarely studies hard.
=> Rarely does Peter study hard.
(Hiếm khi Peter học hành chăm chỉ.)
03. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
1) Câu điều kiện loại 1
Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V…
(Nếu như… thì …)
Ví dụ:
If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping.
=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping.
(Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.)
2) Câu điều kiện loại 2
Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V
(Nếu như …. thì …)
Ví dụ:
- If I had money, I would buy that car.
=> Were I to have money, I would buy that car.
(Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.)
- If I were you, I would work harder.
=> Were I you, I would work harder.
(Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)
3) Câu điều kiện loại 3
Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII
(Nếu như … thì …)
Ví dụ:
- If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.
=> Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.
(Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.)
Chú ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên.
Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc
|
No sooner… than Scarely… when Scarely… when Hardly… when |
…. + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved (ngay sau khi …..) |
> Tham khảo thêm các kiến thức về Câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh
04. Đảo ngữ với until
It was not … until that…: mãi cho đến khi
=> Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …
Ví dụ:
- It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.
=> Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.
(Mãi cho đến khi tôi làm mẹ tôi mới biết mẹ yêu tôi đến nhường nào.)
05. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
- At no time
- On no condition
- On no account + Auxiliary + S + N
- Under/ in no circumstances
- For no reason
- In no way
- No longer
Ví dụ:
=> On no account should U be late for the Exam.
06. Đảo ngữ với SO
So + Adj/ Adv + Auxiliary + S + V + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)
Ví dụ:
- So dark is it that I can’t write.
- So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself.
- So difficult was the exam that few student pass it.
- So attractive is she that many boys run after her.
07. Đảo ngữ với No where
No where + Aux (Trợ động từ) + S + V
Ví dụ:
- No where in the Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country.
- No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
- No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country.
08. Đảo ngữ với until/ till
until/ till + clause/ Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V
ví dụ:
I won’t come home till 10 o’clock.
(=Not until/ till o’clock that I will come home.)
(= It is not until 10 o’clock that I will come home.)
I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home.
(= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.)
09. Đảo ngữ với Not only……. but……also…
Not only + Auxiliary + S + V but…. also……….
Ví dụ:
- Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well.
- Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.
10. Câu đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,…..
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + Auxiliary + S + V
Ví dụ:
- Never in Mid-summer does it snow.
- Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
11. Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there
- Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.
Ví dụ:
There comes the bus. = There it comes.
(Xe buýt đã tới rồi.)
Exercise 1: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ sử dụng trạng từ phủ định.
1. John had never been to such a fascinating restaurant.
=> ___________________________________________________
2. She seldom leaves her house so early.
=> ___________________________________________________
3. People rarely appreciate this kind of music.
=> ___________________________________________________
4. They hardly ever finish their assignment on time.
=> ___________________________________________________
5. He would never play in front of a live audience again.
=> ___________________________________________________
6. I seldom see a vintage car in such good condition these days.
=> ___________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Hoàn thành câu với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện.
1. ___________ (the books/be) cheaper, I would have bought them all.
2. ___________ (the Prime Minister/fail) to get the necessary support, he would be forced to resign.
3. ___________ (the evidence/not be destroyed), the accused would have been found guilty.
4. ___________ (you/need) any further assistance, don’t hesitate to contact us.
5. ___________ (I/win) the prize, I would spend it to buy a new car for myself.
6. ___________ (the storm/be) at night, the rescue team wouldn’t have found the lost boy scouts.
7. ___________ (he/decide) to come, please let me know as soon as possible.
8. ___________ (I/ your father), I would insist you on trying harder.
Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ So/Such
1. He was so excited that he could hardly sleep.
=>____________________________________________________
2. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.
=> ___________________________________________________
3. She performed so well that many said it was perfect.
=> ___________________________________________________
4. He became so angry that he stormed out of the room.
=> ___________________________________________________
5. The wind was such that we couldn’t open the window.
=> ___________________________________________________
6. He had been working so hard that he had hardly seen his family.
=> ___________________________________________________
7. She was to tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.
=> ___________________________________________________
8. It was such a beautiful day that we couldn’t just stay inside the house.
=> ___________________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1. Never had John been to such a fascinating restaurant.
2. Seldom does she leave her house so early.
3. Rarely do people appreciate this kind of music.
4. Hardly ever do they finish their assignment on time.
5. Never would he play in front of a live audience again.
6. Seldom do I see a vintage car in such good conditions these days.
Exercise 2
1. Had the books been cheaper, I would have bought them all.
2. Were the Prime Minister to fail to get the necessary support, he would be forced to resign.
3. Had the evidence not been destroyed, the accused would have been found guilty.
4. Should you need any further assistance, don’t hesitate to contact us.
5. Were I to win the prize, I would spend it on buying myself a new car.
6. Had the storm been at night, the rescue team wouldn’t have found the lost boy scouts.
7. Should he decide to come, please let me know as soon as possible.
8. Were I your father, I would insist you on trying harder.
Exercise 3
1. So excited was he that he could hardly sleep.
2. Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him.
3. So well did she perform that many said it was perfect.
4. So angry did he become that he stormed out of the class.
5. Such was the wind that we couldn’t open the window.
6. So hard had he been working that he hardly seen his family.
7. So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair.
8. Such a beautiful day it was that we couldn’t just stay inside the house.
> TÌM HIỂU NGAY: Cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong tiếng anh
Hi vọng rằng những cấu trúc về câu đảo ngữ bên trên sẽ giúp các bạn có thêm kiến thức về phần ngữ pháp tiếng anh này. Khi bạn có đầy đủ về các kiến trúc ngữ pháp, các bạn sẽ có thể có những bài làm tốt nhất.
Chúc các bạn thành công.
MS HOA TOEIC
